The Foundation of Programming: A Gentle Introduction to C

<p>C language basics: variables and types: Define variables to store data, and type specifies the type of data stored. Input and output: printf() outputs to the screen, scanf() reads user input. Operators: Use arithmetic and comparison operators to perform operations and comparisons. Control flow: if-else and switch-case are used to selectively execute code, and loops are used to repeatedly execute code. Functions: Define and call functions to perform specific tasks, passing parameters by value or by reference. Array: Stores a collection of values ​​of the same type. You can access elements using indexes and create multi-dimensional arrays. Practical case: Calculating the Fibonacci sequence </p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="https://img.php.cn/upload/article/000/000/000/172861848482006.jpg" class="lazy" alt="The Foundation of Programming: A Gentle Introduction to C"></p> <p><strong> Basics of programming: A preliminary exploration of C language </strong></p> <p>C language is a structure It is a process-oriented programming language that is widely used due to its high efficiency and easy portability. This article will take you on a journey of C language programming, from basic syntax to practical cases, to gradually master the essence of C language. </p> <p><strong>1. Getting started </strong></p> <ul> <li> <strong>Variable declaration and data type: </strong>Variables are used to store data, and their type determines the stored data type. </li> <li> <strong>Output Input: The </strong><code>printf()</code> function is used to output on the screen, while the <code>scanf()</code> function is used to read user input. </li> <li> <strong>Arithmetic operators: </strong><code> </code>, <code>-</code>, <code>*</code>, <code>/</code>, <code>%</code>, etc. are used to perform arithmetic operations. </li> <li> <strong> comparison operators: </strong><code><</code>, <code>></code>, <code>==</code>, <code>!=</code>, etc. are used to compare the size of two values. </li> </ul> <p><strong>2. Control flow </strong></p> <ul> <li> <strong>if-else statement: </strong> is used to execute different code blocks based on conditions. </li> <li> <strong>switch-case statement: </strong> is used to execute different code blocks according to different situations. </li> <li> <strong>Loop statements: </strong><code>while</code>, <code>do-while</code>, <code>for</code> are used to repeatedly execute code blocks. </li> </ul> <p><strong>3. Function </strong></p> <ul> <li> <strong>Function declaration: </strong>Define function name, parameters and return value type. </li> <li> <strong>Function call: </strong>Call a function using its name and parameters. </li> <li> <strong>Parameter passing: </strong>Function parameters can be passed by value or by reference. </li> </ul> <p><strong>4. Array </strong></p> <ul> <li> <strong>Array declaration: </strong> is used to store a collection of values ​​of the same type. </li> <li> <strong>Array access: </strong>Use array index to access array elements. </li> <li> <strong>Multi-dimensional arrays: </strong>You can create multi-dimensional arrays to form matrices or more complex data structures. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Practical case: Calculating the Fibonacci sequence </strong></p> <p>The following C language code calculates the Fibonacci sequence: </p><div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'>#include <stdio.h> int fibonacci(int n) { if (n == 0) return 0; else if (n == 1) return 1; else return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2); } int main() { int n; printf("请输入斐波那契数列的项数："); scanf("%d", &n); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("第 %d 项：%d\n", i + 1, fibonacci(i)); } return 0; }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div>

The above is the detailed content of The Foundation of Programming: A Gentle Introduction to C. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!