What is the Simplified Syntax Introduced by the ?: Operator in PHP 5.3?

PHP 5.3's ?: Operator

The ?: operator, introduced in PHP 5.3, is a simplified form of the conditional operator (expr ? val_if_true : val_if_false). In 5.3, the middle part (val_if_true) can be omitted, resulting in the following syntax:

<code class="php">expr ?: val_if_false</code>

This is equivalent to:

<code class="php">expr ? expr : val_if_false</code>

For example:

<code class="php">$c = @$_GET['c'] ?: function() { echo 'Woah!'; };</code>

Here, the ?: operator is used to assign a value to the $c variable. If the $_GET['c'] parameter exists and is callable, it will be assigned to $c. Otherwise, an anonymous function will be assigned instead.

Anonymous Functions

Anonymous functions, also introduced in PHP 5.3, allow you to define a function without explicitly declaring it. They are often used as lambdas or callbacks and are defined using the following syntax:

<code class="php">function() {
  // Code to execute
}</code>

In the example provided, the anonymous function is used to echo the string "Woah!".

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