When Does Eloquent Cast a String Primary Key as 0?

Eloquent Custom Primary Key Issue: "verification_token" Becomes 0

When attempting to use a string as the primary key for an Eloquent table using Laravel 5.2, an unexpected issue arises where the primary key, initially set to a verification token, converts to 0 upon retrieving the table's data.

This behavior originates from the default casting of attributes within the Laravel Model class. For tables with auto-incrementing IDs, the ID is automatically cast as an integer. However, when the primary key is a string, this casting process causes the key to be interpreted as zero.

To resolve this issue, make the following adjustments to the Eloquent model:

1. Explicitly define the primary key using $primaryKey:

<code class="php">protected $primaryKey = 'verification_token';</code>

2. Prevent auto-incrementing by setting $incrementing to false:

<code class="php">public $incrementing = false;</code>

3. For Laravel versions 6.0 or later, additionally define the $keyType:

<code class="php">protected $keyType = 'string';</code>

These modifications instruct Laravel to treat the primary key as a string rather than an integer, ensuring that it retains its original value upon fetching the model's attributes.

By implementing these changes, you can successfully use a string as a custom primary key in your Eloquent table without encountering the issue of the primary key becoming 0.

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