How to Fix Nginx 403 Forbidden Error: Permission Issues for File Delivery?

Nginx 403 Forbidden: Resolving Permission Issues for File Delivery

When encountering a 403 forbidden error in Nginx for all files, it's crucial to address permission settings to ensure proper file delivery. While ownership permissions are often considered, other crucial permissions can be overlooked.

One such permission requirement is the x (execute) permission in parent directories. WWW-data, the user running Nginx, requires x permissions in every parent directory of a requested file. Failure to provide these permissions can result in the error you're facing.

To resolve this issue, check the permissions on directories such as /, /home, /home/demo, etc. for x access by www-data. If any of these directories are restricted to 770 permissions, www-data will be unable to access subdirectories within them.

To rectify this, simply grant the execute permission to www-data:

chmod o+x /home

Alternatively, you can use a tool like namei to easily display permissions along a path:

namei -om /path/to/check

By ensuring that www-data possesses x permissions in all parent directories, you can eliminate the 403 forbidden error and allow Nginx to successfully deliver files.

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