When Nginx Returns 403 Forbidden Errors for All Files, What Permission Issues Should Be Checked?

Troubleshooting Nginx 403 Forbidden Errors for All Files

One common issue faced when encountering a 403 forbidden error for all files served by Nginx is insufficient permissions in parent directories. This is often overlooked when configuring the server.

In the context of the example scenario:

• Nginx is running as www-data:www-data.
• The public_html directory, where the files are located, has permissions set to 2777, making it writable by www-data.
• However, a permission check reveals that www-data lacks the necessary x (execute) permission in the parent directory, /home/demo.

Resolving the Issue:

To resolve this issue, grant execute permissions to www-data in every parent directory leading to the files that are failing to load. In this case, the fix is to execute the following command:

<code class="shell">chmod o+x /home/demo</code>

Additional Troubleshooting Tip:

To easily display the permissions on a path and identify potential issues, use the following command:

<code class="shell">namei -om /path/to/check</code>

This command will provide a detailed breakdown of the permissions for each directory in the path, making it easier to pinpoint the specific directory that is causing the access issue.

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