Why Does Nginx Return 403 Forbidden Errors for All Files Despite Seemingly Appropriate Permissions?

Nginx 403 Forbidden for All Files: Exploring File and Directory Permissions

The issue reported involves an Nginx server running on CentOS 5, where all files return a 403 forbidden error. The configuration includes PHP-FPM and a customized configuration file.

Upon investigation, it was discovered that despite the files and directory having seemingly appropriate permissions, Nginx was unable to serve the content. The error message indicated a permission denied error while accessing the HTML file.

To resolve the issue, it was crucial to verify the permissions not only on the specific file but also on all parent directories leading to that file. In this case, the "www-data" user, under which Nginx was running, required "x" (execute) permissions on every parent directory.

The command "namei -om /path/to/check" was suggested to easily display the permissions on a given path. This allowed the administrator to quickly identify that the "/home" directory had permissions of 770, which prevented the "www-data" user from accessing any subdirectories.

By adding "x" permissions to the "/home" directory (e.g., "chmod o x /home"), the issue was resolved, and Nginx could successfully serve the files.

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