Permission Denied Error in Makefile: How to Resolve the Discrepancy Between Go Scripts and Direct Execution?

Permission Denied Error Resolved: Understanding the Discrepancy Between Makefile and Direct Go Execution

When attempting to execute Go scripts from a Makefile, you may encounter an unexpected "permission denied" error. This can be puzzling, especially when you can run the script directly without an issue.

The Culprit: A Directory Named 'go' on the PATH

The apparent inconsistency arises due to a bug in GNU make. Specifically, the issue occurs if you have a directory named 'go' in any directory on your PATH. This directory should not contain any subdirectories, but its presence can lead to make invoking the directory itself instead of the Go executable.

To verify if this is the cause of your error, examine your PATH and locate any directories named 'go' that contain subdirectories. For example, a directory path such as /usr/bin/go/ can cause the issue if /usr/bin is on your PATH.

Resolving the Issue: Removing or Renaming the Directory

The most straightforward solution is to remove the 'go' directory from your PATH. Alternatively, you can rename the directory to something other than 'go'. Once you have modified your PATH accordingly, you should be able to run Go scripts from your Makefile without encountering the permission denied error.

Using a Shell to Force GNU Make to Invoke the Executable

If removing or renaming the 'go' directory is not feasible, you can resolve the issue by ensuring that GNU make invokes a shell before running the Go executable. To achieve this, simply add a special character, such as a semicolon ';', to the end of your Makefile target:

run:
         go run . ;

This workaround instructs GNU make to first invoke a shell, which will then execute the Go script.

Understanding the Difference Between 'run' and 'run2' Targets

In your provided example, the 'run' target directly invokes "go run ." without any special characters. Since there is likely a 'go' directory on your PATH, GNU make attempts to execute the directory itself, resulting in the permission denied error.

On the other hand, the 'run2' target uses the echo command to output a string before running the Go script. This additional command ensures that GNU make invokes a shell, which resolves the error.

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