How to Center an Image Perfectly Within a Div in CSS

Centering an Image Element

In web development, aligning elements precisely can significantly enhance the visual appearance and user experience. One common challenge is centering an image within its parent div. This article delves into the CSS techniques that enable precise image centering.

The goal is to position the image such that the center of the image aligns perfectly with the center of the parent div. Additionally, we aim to maintain the image's full height.

Solution:

To align the image correctly, we modify the parent div's CSS instead of altering the child image's CSS. By declaring text-align: center; for the parent div, all its inline elements, including the image, will be centered. The following updated CSS accomplishes this:

<code class="css">.box {
    height: 100%;
    width: 450px;
    border: 2px solid red;
    background: green;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-align: center;  /* Center all inline elements */
}</code>

This method effectively centers the image both horizontally and vertically.

Additional Considerations:

In certain instances, you may notice a slight gap beneath the image. This gap arises from the default line height of inline elements, particularly in older browsers. To address this, the following CSS property can be applied to the image:

<code class="css">.box img {
    height: 100%;
    width: auto;
    vertical-align: bottom; /* Eliminate the vertical gap */
}</code>

By setting vertical-align: bottom;, the image will be vertically positioned at the bottom of the available space, resolving the gap issue.

In conclusion, applying text-align: center; to the parent div and vertical-align: bottom; to the image element provides an elegant and effective solution for centering an image within a div while maintaining its full height.

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