How to Resolve Errors Encountered When Compiling Go Code to WebAssembly (wasm)?

Golang to wasm compilation: Error analysis and solutions

When compiling Golang code to WebAssembly (wasm) using the "GOOS=js GOARCH=wasm go build -o main.wasm" command, you may encounter errors when executing the resulting main.wasm file with wasmtime or wasm3.

Error from wasmtime:

failed to instantiate "main.wasm"
unknown import: `go::debug` has not been defined

Error from wasm3:

function lookup failed ('_start')

These errors can arise due to the following reasons:

• go::debug import not defined: wasm modules compiled with the Go compiler are intended for use within a browser environment and require a shim like wasm_exec.js to provide syscall support. Wasmtime is unable to provide this support on its own.
• _start function not found: wasm3 expects a _start function in the wasm module as the entry point. However, the Go compiler does not generate a _start function when targeting wasm.

Solutions:

To resolve these errors, you have several options:

• Use Node.js with wasm_exec.js shim: Execute the main.wasm file using Node.js and the wasm_exec.js shim. This method will provide the necessary syscall support.

node wasm_exec.js main.wasm

• Compile with TinyGo and Wasi support: TinyGo is an alternative Go compiler that supports compiling to wasm with WebAssembly System Interface (Wasi) support. This approach allows you to run your code standalone with wasmtime.

tinygo build -target=wasi -o main.wasm main.go

• Bleeding-edge Go compiler support (experimental): The latest version of the Go compiler includes experimental support for compiling to wasm outside the browser. To enable it, you can build the compiler from source.

go install golang.org/dl/gotip@latest
gotip download
GOOS=wasip1 GOARCH=wasm gotip build -o main.wasm

Once you have built the Go compiler, you can use the updated "gotip" command to compile your code to wasm with wasip1 (Wasi) support.

By following these solutions, you should be able to successfully execute your Go code compiled to wasm with wasmtime and wasm3.

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