Are FCM Tokens Device- or Account-Specific?

Understanding Device and Account Tokens in FCM

Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) relies on tokens to identify devices and accounts for delivering push notifications. A question often arises: are FCM tokens unique to individual devices or accounts?

Device-Specific Tokens

FCM assigns an Instance ID token to each device that installs an app using the Firebase SDK. This token remains the same regardless of which account is logged in or registered on the device. This token represents the app instance on the device and is used to route notifications to an appropriate device.

Account-Specific Mappings

When a user registers with your app, you can store their FCM token in your user table to target notifications specifically to that account. However, this mapping between the account and the token is maintained within your app and is not propagated to FCM.

Logout and Token Handling

When a user logs out of your app, you should remove the mapping between their account and the FCM token from your user table. This ensures that future notifications are not sent to an old token associated with the logged-out user.

Token Renewal and Device Uninstallation

When a user logs in with a different account on the same device, the existing FCM token remains the same. The app will simply create a new mapping between the new account and the token in your user table.

If the app is uninstalled from the device, a new FCM token will be generated when the app is reinstalled. However, if the user logs back into their original account, the same FCM token will be generated, and the app will continue to use it.

Therefore, the FCM token is associated with the device instance, not a specific user account. It is your responsibility to maintain the mapping between accounts and tokens within your application to ensure appropriate notification delivery.

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