How to Prevent Database Connection Timeouts in Spring Boot Applications Using JPA and Hibernate?

Connection to Database Disappears After Specific Time Interval: Spring Boot, JPA, Hibernate

In Spring Boot applications utilizing JPA and Hibernate with MySQL, users may encounter an error indicating that the connection to the database has timed out. To resolve this issue, let's explore the recommended and discouraged approaches:

Discouraged Approach: Enabling Auto-Reconnect

While quick and simple, enabling auto-reconnect in the JDBC URL is not recommended. It can create issues during active connections, particularly when transactions are interrupted.

Recommended Approach: Connection Validation

To address this issue effectively, it's crucial to enable connection validation throughout the application's lifetime. This involves configuring multiple properties:

• Maximum Number of Active Connections: spring.datasource.max-active (e.g., 10)
• Number of Initial Connections: spring.datasource.initial-size (e.g., 5)
• Minimum and Maximum Number of Idle Connections: spring.datasource.max-idle and spring.datasource.min-idle (e.g., 5 and 1)
• Validation While Idle and On Borrowing: spring.datasource.test-while-idle and spring.datasource.test-on-borrow (both set to true)
• Validation Query: spring.datasource.validation-query (e.g., "SELECT 1")
• Time Between Validation Runs: spring.datasource.time-between-eviction-runs-millis (e.g., 5000 milliseconds)
• Minimum Idle Time for Eviction: spring.datasource.min-evictable-idle-time-millis (e.g., 60000 milliseconds)

These configurations ensure that connections are regularly tested for validity and idle connections are removed from the pool if they remain unused for a specified period.

Spring Boot 2.x Update:

Note that Spring Boot 2.x switched to HikariCP as the default connection pool instead of Tomcat JDBC. As a result, the configuration properties for connection validation may vary slightly.

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