How to List Defined Variables in Python: Alternatives to `listout`?

Accessing Defined Variables in Python

In Python, keeping track of all defined variables can be crucial for maintaining clarity and debugging. While the Python shell lacks a built-in feature for displaying a comprehensive list of variables like MATLAB's "listout" command, several alternative methods can achieve this functionality.

dir()

The dir() function provides a list of names defined in the current scope, including local variables, class attributes, and built-in objects. It does not include values or types, only the variable names.

<code class="python">>>> dir()
['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']</code>

globals() and locals()

The globals() and locals() functions return dictionaries of all global or local variables, respectively. These dictionaries provide both variable names and their values.

<code class="python">>>> globals()
{'__annotations__': {}, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__doc__': None, '__file__': './test.py', '__loader__': <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7ff6e8b7ee10>, '__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__spec__': None}

>>> locals()
{}</code>

Conclusion

While Python does not offer a dedicated "listout" feature like MATLAB, the dir(), globals(), and locals() functions provide valuable tools for viewing defined variables within the current scope. These methods enable efficient variable management and debugging in Python development.

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