How can I migrate my deprecated SMIL SVG Animations to use CSS and Web Animations?

Migrating Deprecated SMIL SVG Animations to CSS and Web Animations

Introduction

With the deprecation of SMIL animations, it has become necessary to find alternative methods for creating SVG animations. This article explores the use of CSS and Web animations as replacements for SMIL animations, focusing on common scenarios such as hover effects, element scaling, and toggling between states.

Implementing a Hover Effect with CSS

To implement a hover effect on mouse over using CSS, you can modify the existing SMIL code as follows:

.element_tpl:hover {
    stroke-opacity: 0.5;
}

This will apply the hovering effect by reducing the stroke opacity when the cursor hovers over the element.

Scaling an Element with CSS or Web Animations

To scale an element several times after a change, you can use CSS or Web animations. Here's a CSS approach:

.element_tpl {
    animation: scaleAnimation 0.5s infinite;
}

@keyframes scaleAnimation {
    0% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
    50% {
        transform: scale(1.12);
    }
    100% {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
}

Alternatively, you can use Web animations:

let element = document.querySelector('.element_tpl');
let animation = element.animate([
    { transform: 'scale(1)' },
    { transform: 'scale(1.12)' },
    { transform: 'scale(1)' }
], {
    duration: 500,
    iterations: Infinity
});

Animating Scale Up and Scale Down with CSS or Web Animations

To animate an element to scale up and down when clicked, you can use either CSS or Web animations. Here's the CSS approach:

.element_tpl:active {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

For Web animations:

let element = document.querySelector('.element_tpl');
element.addEventListener('click', () => {
    element.animate([
        { transform: 'scale(1)' },
        { transform: 'scale(1.1)' },
        { transform: 'scale(1)' }
    ], {
        duration: 400,
        iterations: 1
    });
});

Preserving SMIL Animations with a Polyfill

While SMIL support was replaced with a polyfill in Chrome, it can still be used to preserve existing animations. Eric Willigers' SMIL polyfill, available at https://github.com/ericwilligers/svg-animation, can be used to run SMIL animations in modern browsers that no longer natively support them.

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