Iterating Unicode Codepoints in Java Strings
Java Strings are sequences of Unicode codepoints. Accessing these codepoints can be challenging as Java uses UTF-16 encoding internally, which utilizes surrogate pairs for characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
To efficiently iterate through codepoints, consider the following approach:
Canonical Iteration Method
The most reliable method for codepoint iteration is to use String#codePointAt() and Character#charCount(). The latter calculates the number of characters represented by a given codepoint, which is 1 for most BMP codepoints and 2 for surrogates.
<code class="java">final int length = s.length(); for (int offset = 0; offset < length; ) { final int codepoint = s.codePointAt(offset); // Process the codepoint offset += Character.charCount(codepoint); }</code>
Addressing Potential Concerns
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