Why Does `max-width` Behave Differently in Firefox and Opera for Images in Table Cells?

Understanding the Disparity in max-width Behavior between Firefox and Opera

In web development, it is imperative to ensure cross-browser compatibility. One area where discrepancies arise is the handling of CSS styles within table cells. In this instance, Firefox and Opera exhibit different behaviors compared to Chrome and IE when it comes to the max-width property.

Consider the following HTML and CSS code:

<code class="html"><div style="display: table-cell; padding: 15px; width: 200px;">
  <img src="image.jpg" style="max-width: 100%;" />
  <p>Content</p>
</div></code>

In Chrome and IE, this code correctly sets the maximum width of the image to 100% of the containing cell. However, in Firefox and Opera, the max-width style is ignored.

Why the Discrepancy?

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specification states that max-width does not apply to inline elements. Inline elements, such as images, do not have intrinsic width or height, and their dimensions are typically determined by the content they contain.

In the provided example, the image tag is an inline element within the table cell. Therefore, the max-width style has no effect.

A Solution that Works

To resolve this issue and ensure cross-browser compatibility, you can adopt the following approach:

1. Wrap the table cell div in another div with display: table and table-layout: fixed.
2. This forces Firefox and Opera to apply the max-width rule to the image within the table cell.

The updated HTML and CSS:

<code class="html"><div style="display: table;">
  <div style="display: table-cell; padding: 15px; width: 200px;">
    <img src="image.jpg" style="max-width: 100%;" />
    <p>Content</p>
  </div>
</div></code>

By implementing this workaround, you can maintain the desired behavior in all major browsers.

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