How to Simulate the `mkdir -p` Functionality in Python?

Python mkdir -p Equivalent

For simulating the mkdir -p functionality of the shell from within Python, there are several approaches available.

Python 3.5 and Later

Python 3.5 introduces the pathlib.Path.mkdir function, which includes the parents and exist_ok parameters. By setting parents to True and exist_ok to True, it creates the directory and any non-existent parent directories without raising an error:

<code class="python">import pathlib
pathlib.Path("/tmp/path/to/desired/directory").mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)</code>

Python 3.2 and Later

For Python 3.2 and above, the os.makedirs function has an optional third argument, exist_ok, which can be set to True to achieve the same behavior:

<code class="python">import os
os.makedirs("/tmp/path/to/desired/directory", exist_ok=True)</code>

Earlier Python Versions

For older versions of Python, you can use the os.makedirs function and catch the OSError exception when the directory already exists using the following code:

<code class="python">import errno    
import os

def mkdir_p(path):
    try:
        os.makedirs(path)
    except OSError as exc:  # Python ≥ 2.5
        if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
            pass
        # possibly handle other errno cases here, otherwise finally:
        else:
            raise</code>

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