How can I use pprof to monitor and troubleshoot goroutine leaks in my Go application?

Monitoring Goroutine Count with pprof

Profiling goroutine count is essential for detecting and preventing goroutine leaks. pprof provides useful tools to monitor goroutine activity over time.

Goroutine Count Visualization

To visualize the number of active goroutines, open http://localhost:8888/debug/pprof/ in your browser. This page provides two relevant links:

• goroutine: http://localhost:8888/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=1
• full goroutine stack dump: http://localhost:8888/debug/pprof/goroutine?debug=2

The "goroutine" link shows a list of unique goroutine stack traces along with the number of instances of each. For instance:

1 @ 0x42f223 0x42f2e4 0x40542f 0x404f4b 0x4a0586 0x4600a1
#   0x4a0586    gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands.(*RunCommand).startWorkers+0x56   /home/me/go/src/gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands/multi.go:164

The "1" prefix indicates that there is only one active instance of this goroutine.

Full Goroutine Dump

The full goroutine dump is more detailed and can help pinpoint goroutine leaks. It lists each goroutine separately, its stack trace, and additional information, such as wait time for channels:

goroutine 49 [chan receive, 2 minutes]:
gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands.(*RunCommand).startWorkers(0xc820103ee0, 0xc820274000, 0xc820274060, 0xc8201d65a0)
    /home/me/go/src/gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands/multi.go:164 +0x56
created by gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands.(*RunCommand).Run
    /home/me/go/src/gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/commands/multi.go:294 +0x41b

By analyzing the stack traces and additional information in the full dump, you can identify goroutines that are not properly terminated or blocked indefinitely.

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