How do you declare UTF-8 strings in Python source code?

Declaring UTF-8 Strings in Python Source Code

Consider the following code in Python 2:

<code class="python">u = unicode('d…')
s = u.encode('utf-8')
print s</code>

When running this code, a SyntaxError is raised due to a non-ASCII character in the source code. To resolve this issue, UTF-8 encoding must be declared in the source code header:

<code class="python"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
....</code>

This declaration informs Python to use UTF-8 encoding for the source file. Once declared, UTF-8 characters can be used anywhere in the code. For example:

<code class="python"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

u = 'idzie wąż wąską dróżką'
uu = u.decode('utf8')
s = uu.encode('cp1250')
print(s)</code>

In Python 3, UTF-8 is the default source encoding, so Unicode characters can be used without any special declaration.

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