How to Obtain a List of Methods within a Python Class?

Getting a List of Methods in a Python Class

Iterating through a class's methods or handling its objects differently based on its methods requires retrieving a list of those methods. This article provides two approaches to achieve this.

Using inspect.getmembers()

This function takes a class or instance as its first argument and a predicate function as its second argument. The predicate function filters the returned list based on a specific criterion. To retrieve a list of methods in a class, we can pass inspect.ismethod as the predicate function.

<code class="python">from inspect import getmembers, ismethod

class MyClass:
    def method1(self):
        pass

    def method2(self):
        pass    

# Python 2.x
methods = getmembers(MyClass, ismethod)

# Python 3.x
methods = getmembers(MyClass, isfunction)</code>

The methods variable will contain a list of tuples, each tuple containing the method name and the method object.

Using dir()

The dir() function returns a list of all attributes of an object, including methods. However, it also includes non-method attributes, which may require additional filtering.

<code class="python">methods = [m for m in dir(MyClass) if callable(getattr(MyClass, m))]</code>

The callable() filter checks if an attribute is callable, indicating a method. Keep in mind that this approach may not be as reliable as using inspect.getmembers() because it may include non-method attributes.

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