How to Solve \'A Problem Occurred Somewhere in the SSL/TLS Handshake\' Errors in cURL?

Troubleshooting SSL/TLS Handshake Errors in cURL

When using cURL to establish secure connections using SSL/TLS protocols, you may encounter the error message "A problem occurred somewhere in the SSL/TLS handshake." This indicates an issue during the authentication and encryption process between cURL and the remote server.

Despite attempting common solutions such as disabling SSL verification (CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER) and setting the CA certificate (CURLOPT_CAINFO), the issue persists.

Solution:

The root cause of this problem lies in cURL's lack of built-in root certificates. Most modern browsers include root certificates, but cURL requires an explicit path to a trusted certificate authority (CA) file named "cacert.pem."

To resolve this issue, follow these steps:

1. Download the cacert.pem file from the official cURL website: https://curl.haxx.se/docs/caextract.html
2. Set the CURLOPT_CAINFO option to the path of the downloaded cacert.pem file:

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CAINFO, '/path/to/cert/file/cacert.pem');

This CA file contains trusted root certificates that allow cURL to verify the server's certificate during the SSL/TLS handshake. Without this file, the verification process fails, resulting in the handshake error message.

After completing these steps, you should be able to establish secure HTTPS connections using cURL.

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