How Can I Execute Raw SQL Queries with Spring Data Repositories?

Executing Raw SQL Queries with Spring Data Repositories

While the @Query annotation in Spring Data Repositories typically uses entity-based queries, it is possible to execute raw SQL queries using the nativeQuery flag. Setting this flag to true enables direct SQL execution within a repository method.

<code class="java">@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM table_name", nativeQuery = true)
List<Object[]> executeNativeQuery();</code>

In this example, the nativeQuery flag is set to true in the @Query annotation. This allows the query to execute native SQL, returning the results as an Object[][] array.

Alternatively, Spring Data JPA also supports named native queries. This approach allows you to define native queries in a resource file (such as a *.sql file) and reference them using a named query annotation. For example:

<code class="java">@NamedNativeQuery(name = "findByName", query = "SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE name = :name")
interface UserRepository {
    @Query("findByName")
    List<User> findByName(@Param("name") String name);
}</code>

In this example, the findByName method uses a named native query to find users based on their name. The named query is defined in a *.sql file as follows:

<code class="sql">SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE name = :name;</code>

By utilizing the nativeQuery flag or named native queries, it becomes feasible to incorporate raw SQL queries into Spring Data Repositories, providing flexibility for performing various database operations.

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