Why Am I Getting \'Permission Denied\' When Connecting to MySQL from Localhost?

Unable to Connect to MySQL: Permission Denied

When attempting to connect to a MySQL database using PHP, an error may arise indicating "Permission denied." This error can occur either on the command line or when accessing a script via a web server, such as localhost.

Specifically, when trying to connect to a database from localhost using the following script:

<code class="php">$host = '155.30.136.20';
$user = 'abc_user';
$pass = 'xxxxxxxxx';
$dbname = 'welcome';
$link = mysqli_connect($host, $user, $pass,$dbname);

// Connection checks and error handling omitted for brevity</code>

The error "Error: Unable to connect to MySQL. Debugging errno: 2002 Debugging error: Permission denied" may appear. This error indicates that the user does not have the necessary permissions to establish a connection to the database.

The reason for this discrepancy between the command line and localhost execution could be related to SELinux security policies. By default, the policy httpd_can_network_connect_db is disabled, preventing the web server from connecting to remote databases.

To resolve this issue, follow these steps:

1. Check the SELinux status by running getsebool -a | grep httpd.
2. If httpd_can_network_connect_db is "Off," enable it by running setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db 1.

After making these changes, the webserver should be able to establish a connection to the database without encountering the "Permission denied" error.

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