Why Am I Getting a \'PinvokeStackImbalance\' Exception in Visual Studio 2010?

PinvokeStackImbalance Issue in Visual Studio 2010

In Visual Studio 2010, a "pinvokestackimbalance" exception is frequently encountered when calling C DLLs. This exception, previously disabled in Visual Studio 2008, is now enabled by default in VS2010, hindering debugging efforts.

Cause of the Issue

The Code:

<code class="csharp">[DllImport("ImageOperations.dll")]
static extern void FasterFunction(
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)]ushort[] inImage, 
    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray)]byte[] outImage, 
    int inTotalSize, int inWindow, int inLevel);</code>

<code class="cpp">extern "C" {
OPERATIONS_API void __cdecl FasterFunction(unsigned short* inArray, 
                                       unsigned char* outRemappedImage,
                                       int inTotalSize, 
                                       int inWindow, int inLevel);
}</code>

The issue lies in an incorrect calling convention. DllImport defaults to CallingConvention.WinApi, identical to CallingConvention.StdCall for x86 desktop code. However, the C function uses the __cdecl calling convention, which is different.

Resolution

To fix the issue, one can edit the DllImport line as follows:

<code class="csharp">[DllImport("ImageOperations.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]</code>

This ensures that the correct calling convention is used, resolving the "pinvokestackimbalance" exception.

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