How to Set a Connect Timeout for PDO?

Setting a Connect Timeout with PDO

When using PDO to retrieve data from a MySQL server, you may encounter lengthy delays when the server is inaccessible. By default, PDO takes over 2 minutes to throw an exception in the case of MySQL and 30 seconds for PostgreSQL, which can be excessively long.

To alleviate this issue, you can set a timeout for connecting to the database using the following syntax:

$DBH = new PDO(
    "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$dbname", 
    $username, 
    $password,
    array(
        PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 5, // in seconds
        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
    )
);

By setting the PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT attribute, you can specify the maximum time in seconds that PDO will wait before establishing a connection. In the example above, the connection attempt will time out after 5 seconds.

It's important to note that setting a connect timeout does not guarantee instant failover. If the server comes back online before the timeout expires, PDO will successfully establish the connection. However, it does provide a more responsive approach to handling connection issues, reducing the time your application spends waiting for an unavailable server.

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