How to Fix UTF-8 Encoding Issues with PDO and MySQL?

UTF-8 Encoding Issues with PDO and MySQL

When working with PDO and a MySQL database, users may encounter situations where UTF-8 encoded data is not correctly inserted or retrieved, appearing instead as question marks (????????). This arises due to differences in database configuration and PHP settings.

Possible Solution: Setting UTF-8 via PDO Configuration

One effective solution is to set the UTF-8 character set and collation during the PDO connection initialization. By adding the following code to the PDO constructor, UTF-8 encoding will be enforced:

$pdo = new PDO(
    'mysql:host=hostname;dbname=defaultDbName',
    'username',
    'password',
    array(PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => "SET NAMES utf8")
);

This approach ensures that UTF-8 is enabled explicitly on the connection, regardless of any previous database or PHP settings.

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