What\'s the difference between `MarshalPKIXPublicKey()` and `MarshalPKCS1PublicKey()` in Go?

Understanding the Distinction between MarshalPKIXPublicKey() and MarshalPKCS1PublicKey()

In the Go standard library, x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey() and x509.MarshalPKCS1PublicKey() are two functions that facilitate the serialization of public keys to DER-encoded formats.

ASN.1 and DER

Before delving into the differences between the two functions, it's essential to understand two key concepts:

• ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One): A widely used notation system for describing data structures shared between systems.
• DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules): A specific encoding scheme used to represent ASN.1 data in a compact binary format.

MarshalPKCS1PublicKey()

• Serializes an RSA public key into the PKCS#1 ASN.1 structure's DER-encoded representation.
• The PKCS#1 standard defines how to represent RSA public keys, including their modulus and exponent.
• This function encodes the public key into a DER-encoded string using the RSAPublicKey ASN.1 structure from PKCS#1.

MarshalPKIXPublicKey()

• Serializes a public key into the DER-encoded representation of PKIX/X.509's SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure.
• PKIX/X.509 is an Internet variant of the X.509 standard, and its SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure defines a more generic way to represent various public key algorithms.
• For RSA public keys, this DER-encoded representation includes the algorithm identifier for RSA (OID 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1) and the parameters NULL, along with the DER-encoded PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey structure.

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