How to Set a Connection Timeout for PDO in PHP?

PDO Connect Timeouts: A Detailed Solution

Introduction:
Connecting to a database can sometimes take an excessive amount of time due to various factors such as network issues or server availability. This can be particularly frustrating when working with Production systems.

PDO Attribute Setting:
The OP attempted to set a timeout using PDO::setAttribute() with PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT attribute, but it did not resolve the issue. This is because the timeout setting applies to PDO statements execution, not to the connection establishment.

Optimal Solution:
The recommended solution to set a connection timeout is to provide the timeout value as a configuration parameter during PDO object initialization. This can be achieved by specifying PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT in the constructor options array.

Example Code:
The following code demonstrates how to set a 5-second connection timeout for a MySQL database connection:

<code class="php">$DBH = new PDO(
    "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$dbname",
    $username,
    $password,
    array(
        PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT => 5, // in seconds
        PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
    )
);</code>

By setting PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE to PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, any database error or timeout will trigger a PDOException, which can be caught and handled accordingly.

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