How to Remove a Friend Declaration Without Compromising Design?

How to Remove a Friend Declaration While Preserving Design

The usage of the "friend" keyword in object-oriented design can create tight dependencies and hinder maintainability. This article provides a comprehensive approach to remove a friend declaration while preserving the overall design of the system.

Problem Background:

Consider a scenario where two classes, ClassA and ClassAAccessor, have a friend relationship. ClassA represents a shared resource with protected methods, while ClassAAccessor serves as a helper to manage access to this resource. The friend relationship between ClassA and ClassAAccessor allows ClassAAccessor to directly access the protected methods of ClassA.

Design Constraints:

To ensure proper refactoring, several constraints are set:

• The public interface of ClassAAccessor should remain unchanged.
• Internal operations of ClassA should remain private.
• Performance and memory consumption should not be significantly impacted.

Refactoring Steps:

Step 1: Introduce an Abstract Interface

Extract the operations that were previously accessible via the friend relationship into a separate interface called InternalInterface. Refactor the relationship between ClassA and ClassAAccessor to make it dependent on this interface rather than using the friend keyword.

Step 2: Move Operations to Interface

Move the operations from ClassA to the InternalInterface. This eliminates the "call" dependency from ClassAAccessor directly to ClassA.

Step 3: Glue Implementation Together

Create a private member variable in ClassAAccessor that points to an instance of InternalInterface. Introduce a method in ClassA that allows setting this member variable to enable ClassAAccessor to access the required internal operations.

Implementation Example:

<code class="cpp">class ClassAAccessor {
public:
    ClassAAccessor(ClassA&amp; classA);
    void setInternalInterfaceRef(InternalInterface &amp; newValue) {
        internalInterfaceRef = &amp;newValue;
    }
private:  
    InternalInterface* internalInterfaceRef;
};

class ClassA : protected InternalInterface {
public:
    attachAccessor(ClassAAccessor &amp; accessor);
};</code>

Advantages of Refactoring:

• Eliminates tight dependency between ClassA and ClassAAccessor.
• Ensures private access to internal operations of ClassA.
• Provides a more modular and maintainable design.

Disadvantages of Refactoring:

• Increased complexity in code structure.
• Potential for slightly increased memory consumption due to the introduction of additional interfaces.
• Limited UML support for protected generalization relationships.

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