How to Refactor a Friend Dependency in Your Code?
Friend Dependency Removal Refactoring
In the realm of software development, friend declarations can introduce tight coupling and maintenance issues. This guide provides a detailed roadmap for refactoring a friend dependency properly, transforming your codebase into a more maintainable and resilient structure.
Unveiling the Need for Refactoring
Consider the following scenario: ClassA and ClassAAccessor share a friend dependency, granting ClassAAccessor access to protected members of ClassA. While this may seem convenient, it poses several drawbacks:
- UML 2.2 has deprecated the friend stereotype.
- Most coding guidelines discourage friend usage due to the excessive dependency it creates.
- It can lead to maintenance nightmares.
Refactoring Step-by-Step
Step 1: Introduce an Abstract Interface
Replace the friend declaration with a class interface called InternalInterface, splitting the friend relationship into a direct dependency and a call dependency on InternalInterface.
Step 2: Move Operations to the Interface
Identify the operations constituting the call dependency and move them from ClassA to InternalInterface, extending InternalInterface with a protected constructor and marking ClassA's generalization association to InternalInterface as protected.
Step 3: Connect the Components
ClassAAccessor needs a reference to InternalInterface. Implement an additional method, attachAccessor(), in ClassA and use it to pass a reference to InternalInterface to ClassAAccessor via setInternalInterfaceRef(). This method will be called when ClassA::attachAccessor() is invoked.
C Implementation
<code class="cpp">// ClassAAccessor definition class ClassAAccessor { public: ClassAAccessor(ClassA& classA); void setInternalInterfaceRef(InternalInterface &newValue); private: InternalInterface* internalInterfaceRef; }; // Method to set the reference to InternalInterface ClassA::attachAccessor(ClassAAccessor &accessor) { accessor.setInternalInterfaceRef(*this); }</code>
Optional Enhancement: Introducing an InternalClientInterface
To further decouple the implementation, consider introducing another InternalClientInterface as an intermediary between ClassA and ClassAAccessor.
Conclusion
By following these steps, you can effectively refactor a friend dependency, enhancing code stability, maintainability, and adherence to coding best practices. Remember to carefully evaluate the potential drawbacks associated with this approach before implementing it in your own codebase.
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