Reading Unicode UTF-8 files into WStrings
In Windows environments, using C 11 provides the capability to read Unicode (UTF-8) files into wstrings. This is made possible through the utilization of the std::codecvt_utf8 facet.
std::codecvt_utf8 Facet
The std::codecvt_utf8 facet facilitates the conversion between UTF-8 encoded byte strings and UCS2 or UCS4 character strings. This versatility enables the reading and writing of both text and binary UTF-8 files.
Usage
An implementation using the facet involves creating a locale object that encapsulates the facet and locale-specific information. By imbuing a stream buffer with this locale, UTF-8 file reading becomes possible.
An example implementation using this approach is:
#include <sstream> #include <fstream> #include <codecvt> std::wstring readFile(const char* filename) { std::wifstream wif(filename); wif.imbue(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>)); std::wstringstream wss; wss << wif.rdbuf(); return wss.str(); } int main() { std::wstring wstr = readFile("a.txt"); // Do something with your wstring return 0; }
Global Locale Setting
Alternatively, it's possible to set the global C locale with the std::codecvt_utf8 facet. This method ensures that all std::locale default constructors will return a copy of the global locale, eliminating the need for explicit stream buffer imbuing.
To set the global locale:
std::locale::global(std::locale(std::locale::empty(), new std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>));
With this setting, you can simplify the file reading operation to:
std::wifstream wif("a.txt"); std::wstringstream wss; wss << wif.rdbuf(); std::wstring wstr = wss.str();
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