How Does the `vertical-align` Property Work with Inline Elements and Line-Boxes?

Understanding the Vertical-Align Property

The vertical-align property can seem perplexing, leaving developers uncertain about its effectiveness. To clarify its functionality, it's essential to delve into its intricacies.

Inline elements serve as the foundation for vertical-align's application. However, elements lacking inherent line-heights, such as headers (

,

, etc.), require explicit line-height specification. Additionally, the height property of the containing element must possess a static value and not rely on percentage values or auto.

Moreover, vertical-align is applied to the specific element intended for vertical alignment, not the containing element.

In the provided jsfiddle example, we can discern why the alignment appears inconsistent. Vertical-align operates by aligning elements with respect to their individual lines (line-boxes), not the entire container (#outer).

To illustrate this, let's insert more text into the example:

[Additional code snippet with increased text content]

Now, we observe that #header aligns correctly within its respective line-box. This explains why it appears misaligned when there is only a single short line of text.

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