How do I prevent labels from being cut off or overlapping in matplotlib plots?

Adjusting Padding with Cutoff or Overlapping Labels

Problem:

When using matplotlib to plot data with large or complex labels, the labels may be cut off or overlap with the axes. This can occur both with individual plots and subplots.

Solution:

To adjust the padding around the labels, use the plt.subplots_adjust() function. This function takes several arguments, including bottom, top, left, and right, which specify the amount of padding in each direction.

For example, to increase the padding at the bottom of the plot to make room for a tall x-label, use:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.15)

To prevent labels from overlapping with the axes, you can use the same approach to adjust the padding around the axes. For example, to increase the padding at the left and bottom of the plot, use:

plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.15, bottom=0.15)

Alternative Solution: plt.tight_layout()

Since the introduction of matplotlib version 1.5, you can also use the plt.tight_layout() function to automatically adjust the padding around the plot to prevent labels from being cut off or overlapping. This function is more convenient and often provides better results than manually adjusting the padding.

For example, to use plt.tight_layout() with subplots, use:

fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, nrows=2, figsize=(8, 6))
axes = axes.flatten()

for ax in axes:
    ax.set_ylabel(r'$\ln\left(\frac{x_a-x_b}{x_a-x_c}\right)$')
    ax.set_xlabel(r'$\ln\left(\frac{x_a-x_d}{x_a-x_e}\right)$')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

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