How to Pretty-Print `std::tuple` in C 11 Using Variadic Templates?

Pretty-printing std::tuple

This article is a continuation of a previous discussion on pretty-printing STL containers, where we developed an elegant and general solution for this task.

Problem Statement

In this extension, we aim to include pretty-printing functionality for std::tuple objects using variadic templates, specifically tailored for C 11. Inspired by the previous example for std::pair, we seek an analogous construction for tuples. The desired behavior is as follows:

auto a = std::make_tuple(5, "Hello", -0.1);
std::cout << a << std::endl; // prints: (5, "Hello", -0.1)

Additionally, we aim to incorporate the same level of generality as the previous question, including support for different character types and customizable pair delimiters.

Solution

Exploiting the indices-based approach, we can construct a solution using the following code snippet:

namespace aux{
template<std::size_t... Is> struct seq{};

template<std::size_t N, std::size_t... Is>
struct gen_seq : gen_seq<N-1, N-1, Is...>{};

template<std::size_t... Is>
struct gen_seq<0, Is...> : seq<Is...>{};

template<class Ch, class Tr, class Tuple, std::size_t... Is>
void print_tuple(std::basic_ostream<Ch,Tr>& os, Tuple const& t, seq<Is...>)
{
  using swallow = int[];
  (void)swallow{0, (void(
    os << (Is == 0? "" : ", ") << std::get<Is>(t)
  ), 0)...};
}
}

template<class Ch, class Tr, class... Args>
auto operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, std::tuple<Args...> const& t)
    -> std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
{
  os << "(";
  aux::print_tuple(os, t, aux::gen_seq<sizeof...(Args)>()
);
  return os << ")";
}

For the customization of delimiters, we can add these partial specializations:

// Delimiters for tuple
template<class... Args>
struct delimiters<std::tuple<Args...>, char> {
  static const delimiters_values<char> values;
};

template<class... Args>
const delimiters_values<char> delimiters<std::tuple<Args...>, char>::values =
    { "(", ", ", ")" };

template<class... Args>
struct delimiters<std::tuple<Args...>, wchar_t> {
  static const delimiters_values<wchar_t> values;
};

template<class... Args>
const delimiters_values<wchar_t> delimiters<
    std::tuple<Args...>, wchar_t
>::values = { L"(", L", ", L")" };

With these modifications, the operator<< and print_tuple functions can be updated to incorporate the delimiter customization:

template<class Ch, class Tr, class Tuple, std::size_t... Is>
void print_tuple(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, Tuple const& t, seq<Is...>)
{
  using swallow = int[];
  char const* delim = delimiters<Tuple, Ch>::values.delimiter;
  if(!delim) delim = "";
  (void)swallow{0, (void(
    os << (Is == 0? "" : delim) << std::get<Is>(t)
  ), 0)...};
}

template<class Ch, class Tr, class... Args>
auto operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, std::tuple<Args...> const& t)
    -> std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
{
  typedef std::tuple<Args...> tuple_t;
  if(delimiters<tuple_t, Ch>::values.prefix != 0)
    os << delimiters<tuple_t,char>::values.prefix;

  print_tuple(os, t, aux::gen_seq<sizeof...(Args)>()
);

  if(delimiters<tuple_t, Ch>::values.postfix != 0)
    os << delimiters<tuple_t,char>::values.postfix;

  return os;
}

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