What is the Difference Between '[0-9]' and '\d' in Python Regex?

Does "d" in Regex Stand for Digits Matching Zero or Even Order?

In Python-style regular expressions, the "d" character class is a broad representation of digits that transcend the confines of plain [0-9] numerals. While [0-9] strictly identifies digits from 0 to 9, "d" encompasses a wider spectrum, including extended digits and numeric characters used in other languages.

To illustrate this subtle distinction, consider the following observation: within the string "123", the "d" character class matches the digits "1" and "3", but not "2". This behavior may appear counterintuitive if you're accustomed to the limited range of [0-9]. However, "d" operates under a more expansive definition that encompasses Eastern Arabic numerals, denoted by the characters ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩.

Therefore, it's essential to recognize that "[0-9]" and "d" do not always hold equivalency. While "[0-9]" pertains exclusively to the digits from 0 to 9, "d" represents a more inclusive concept of numeric characters that extend beyond the basic set.

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