How to Implement HTTP Basic Authentication in Java using Apache HttpClient?

HTTP Basic Authentication in Java using Apache HttpClient

Authenticating with HTTP basic in Java is straightforward. This article demonstrates how to utilize the Apache HttpClient library to implement basic authentication using username and password.

HttpClient 3.0 Implementation

The following code sample illustrates the implementation for HttpClient 3.0:

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;

public class HttpBasicAuth {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Create an HTTP client
        HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

        // Set basic authentication credentials
        client.getState().setCredentials(new AuthScope("ipaddress", 443, "realm"),
                new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1"));

        // Create a POST method
        PostMethod post = new PostMethod("http://address/test/login");

        // Authenticate using credentials
        post.setDoAuthentication(true);

        try {
            // Execute the POST method and get the response status
            int status = client.executeMethod(post);
            System.out.println(status + "\n" + post.getResponseBodyAsString());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // Release connection resources
            post.releaseConnection();
        }
    }
}

HttpClient 4.0.1 Implementation

For HttpClient 4.0.1, here's the corresponding code:

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

public class HttpBasicAuth {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            // Create a default HTTP client
            DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

            // Set basic authentication credentials
            CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
            credentialsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope(AuthScope.ANY_HOST, AuthScope.ANY_PORT),
                    new UsernamePasswordCredentials("test1", "test1"));
            httpclient.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);

            // Create a POST request
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://host:post/test/login");

            // Execute the POST request
            HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

            // Get the response status and content
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
            if (entity != null) {
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
            }
            if (entity != null) {
                entity.consumeContent();
            }

            // Close the HTTP client
            HttpClientUtils.closeQuietly(httpclient);
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Enhanced Customization for HttpClient 4.0.1

The provided answer suggests an enhanced implementation for HttpClient 4.0.1 that constructs the "Authorization" header manually:

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

// ...

// Set basic authentication header
String encoding = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString((user + ":" + pwd).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
httpPost.setHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Basic " + encoding);

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