How Can I Achieve Limited Access to Private Methods in Java Without Using the 'Friend' Concept?

Providing Limited Access to Private Methods in Java

In Java, it's not directly possible to replicate the C "friend" concept, which allows access to private members of a class to external entities. However, a similar behavior can be achieved using alternative techniques.

The Love Signature Approach

One clever approach to achieve controlled access is by using a "secret" signature. Here's how it works:

1. Create a public class in one package that represents the "secret signature" required for accessing the private methods in another package. This signature class can contain a private constructor to ensure exclusivity.
2. In the class needing access to the private members, define public methods that accept instances of the signature class as parameters.
3. When calling the public methods from the other package, the signature class instance acts as a "proof" to allow the invocation.

Example:

Consider two classes, Romeo and Juliet, from different packages. Romeo needs to access private methods in Juliet without making it a subclass.

Juliet's Code:

// Capulet package
public class Juliet {

    public static void cuddle(Romeo.Love love) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(love);
        // Juliet's private methods can be accessed here.
    }
    
}

Romeo.Love is a public class with a private constructor, ensuring only Romeo can create an instance.

Romeo's Code:

// Montague package
public class Romeo {

    public static final class Love { private Love() {} }
    private static final Love love = new Love();

    public static void cuddleJuliet() {
        Juliet.cuddle(love);
    }
}

This approach leverages the exclusivity of the signature class constructor to grant selective access to the desired methods while maintaining encapsulation and privacy.

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