Why do I get 'navigator / window / document is undefined' errors in my Nuxt application?

Navigating Undefined Errors in Nuxt: Resolving "navigator / window / document is undefined"

In Nuxt applications, developers often encounter issues when attempting to access certain global variables such as "navigator," "window," or "document." This can occur when executing JavaScript code that relies on these variables.

To resolve this issue, it's important to understand that Nuxt applications use Server-Side Rendering (SSR), which generates HTML on the server before sending it to the client. Global variables are not available during SSR because they are only available in the browser environment.

To access these global variables within Nuxt, it's necessary to use a client-side-only approach:

Wrap Client-Side Logic in "if (process.client) { ... }":

Wrap your JS code in an "if (process.client)" condition. This will ensure that the code only executes on the client side, where these global variables are available:

export default {
  mounted() {
    if (process.client) {
      console.log(navigator.userAgent);
    }
  },
};

Use "":

Wrap components that should only be rendered on the client side with "":

<template>
  <div>
    <p>This will be rendered on both server and client.</p>
    
    <client-only>
      <p>This will only be rendered on client.</p>
    </client-only>
  </div>
</template>

Dynamically Import Libraries for SSR:

Some libraries may not support SSR. To use them, conditionally import them using dynamic import:

export default {
  components: {
    [process.client && 'MyComponent']: () => import('./MyComponent.vue'),
  }
};

Direct Import:

For components that are only meant to be used on the client side, you can import them directly like this:

export default {
  components: {
    'MyComponent': () => import('./MyComponent.vue'),
  }
};

By following these approaches, developers can successfully access and manipulate global variables like "navigator," "window," and "document" within their Nuxt applications.

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