How to Properly Output Hexadecimal Values in C Using `std::cout`?

How to Output Hexadecimal Values in C

When attempting to output hexadecimal values using the cout function in C , you may encounter unexpected results. For instance, if you have an integer a assigned to 255 and wish to print its hexadecimal representation ("FF"), you might use the following code:

int a = 255;
cout << a;

However, this will simply print the decimal value "255" instead of the desired hexadecimal representation. To print hexadecimal values correctly, you need to use the std::hex manipulator.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int a = 255;
    std::cout << std::hex << a;
    return 0;
}

This will output "FF" to the console, as intended.

Additional Formatting Options

The std::hex manipulator provides several additional options for controlling the formatting of the output. For example, you can specify the number of leading zeros to include using the std::setw manipulator.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int a = 255;
    std::cout << std::hex << std::setw(4) << a;
    return 0;
}

This will output "00FF" to the console, with two leading zeros.

You can also control the case of the hexadecimal digits using the std::uppercase and std::nouppercase manipulators.

#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int a = 255;
    std::cout << std::hex << std::uppercase << a;
    return 0;
}

This will output "FF" to the console, with uppercase hexadecimal digits.

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