Why am I getting 'No module named' errors when using PyInstaller's --onefile option?

PyInstaller, Spec File, No Module Named

Introduction

When building a Python script with PyInstaller, you may encounter the error message "No module named." This error indicates that a required module is not being included in your executable.

Issue

In this particular case, the error occurs when using the --onefile option to create a single executable file. The myscript.spec file generated by PyInstaller does not include all necessary modules, resulting in the "No module named" error.

Solution

Option 1: Dynamic Imports

If your code contains dynamic imports (i.e., modules that are imported at runtime), PyInstaller may not be able to include them automatically. To ensure that these modules are included, you can add unused imports of them in your code:

import mysql  # Unused import
import urllib2  # Unused import

Option 2: Explicit Include

If you prefer not to add unused imports, you can instruct PyInstaller to include the required modules explicitly. In your myscript.spec file, add the following line within the Analysis section:

binaries = [('mysql.so', '.') ...]  # Include the MySQL library

Repeat this step for any other missing modules.

Note on --onefile

The --onefile option does not have any impact on the functionality of your executable. It merely packs all intermediate files created by PyInstaller into the executable file, which are then unpacked to a temporary directory when the executable is run.

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