How Do You Handle Exceptions When Using the Python Requests Module?

Handling Exceptions with Python Requests Module

The Python Requests library provides a comprehensive way to make HTTP requests. Occasionally, errors can occur during request processing, making it essential to handle them effectively. This article explores the correct approach to using try/except when working with Requests.

Connection-Related Errors

The example provided, which handles connection errors using requests.ConnectionError, is partially correct. While it captures network-related issues, it overlooks other potential errors, such as timeouts and HTTP response errors.

Base Class Exception

To handle all exceptions raised by Requests, catch the base class exception, requests.exceptions.RequestException in your try/except block. All exceptions explicitly raised by Requests inherit from this class.

Example:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # Handle the error appropriately (e.g., retry, log, or raise SystemExit)

Handling Different Exceptions

If you need to handle specific exceptions separately, such as timeouts or HTTP response errors, you can use separate except blocks:

try:
    r = requests.get(url, params={'s': thing})
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    # Handling timeout
except requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects:
    # Handling too many redirects
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
    # Handling all other exceptions

Handling HTTP Response Errors

By default, Requests does not raise exceptions for unsuccessful HTTP responses (e.g., 404 Not Found). To raise an exception for these errors, call Response.raise_for_status().

Example:

try:
    r = requests.get('http://www.google.com/nothere')
    r.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as err:
    # Handle the HTTP response error

By following these guidelines, you can ensure robust exception handling for your Python Requests operations, covering a wide range of errors that may occur during HTTP requests.

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