How to Store and Retrieve Images in a Java Web App Without Using a Database?

Storing and Retrieving Images in a Java Webapp

Question:

How can I store and retrieve an image on a server in a Java web application without storing it in a database?

Answer:

The optimal location for image storage depends on the server configuration.

Ideal Storage Location:

Configure a fixed path outside the webapp's directory, such as /var/webapp/upload, as a VM argument or environment variable. This path can be retrieved programmatically. For instance, using the -Dupload.location=/var/webapp/upload VM argument:

Path folder = Paths.get(System.getProperty("upload.location"));

Example Storage and Retrieval Code:

Assuming the existence of an uploadedFile representing the image:

Storage:

String filename = FilenameUtils.getBaseName(uploadedFile.getName());
String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(uploadedFile.getName());
Path file = Files.createTempFile(folder, filename + "-", "." + extension);

try (InputStream input = uploadedFile.getInputStream()) {
    Files.copy(input, file, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}

String uploadedFileName = file.getFileName().toString();
// Save uploadedFileName in database

Retrieval:

Add the upload location as a separate context to Tomcat:

<Context docBase="/var/webapp/upload" path="/uploads" />

Now, the image can be accessed directly via a URL like:

http://example.com/uploads/foo-123456.ext

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