How to Fix \'TypeError: can\'t use a string pattern on a bytes-like object in re.findall()\'?

Error: TypeError: Unable to Use String Pattern on Bytes-Like Object in re.findall()

Issue: When attempting to parse webpage titles using regular expressions, you encounter an error stating, "TypeError: can't use a string pattern on a bytes-like object in re.findall()."

Solution:

In Python, when dealing with downloaded data like HTML, it is crucial to convert bytes-like objects (such as the 'html' variable) into strings to match string patterns. To resolve this error, you need to decode the 'html' variable using the '.decode()' method before applying the regular expression pattern.

Code:

with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response:
    html = response.read()
    html = html.decode('utf-8')  # Decode the HTML to a string

title = re.findall(pattern, html)

Explanation:

• The '.read()' method returns a bytes-like object.
• '.decode()' converts the bytes-like object into a UTF-8 encoded string.
• You can now use the string pattern in your regular expression to extract the page title.

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