How to Securely Pass Parameters to a JDBC PreparedStatement?

Passing Parameters to a JDBC PreparedStatement

In JDBC, prepared statements are used to execute SQL statements efficiently and securely by compiling the statement once and executing it multiple times with different parameters. When passing parameters to a prepared statement, it is crucial to ensure they are set correctly to prevent SQL injection attacks and statement formatting errors.

Problem Explanation

The provided code attempts to select a row from a database table based on the userID parameter passed to the Validation class constructor. However, the statement lacks parameterization, which leads to incorrect execution and potential SQL injection vulnerabilities.

Solution

To pass the userID parameter correctly, use the setString() method to set the value for the query parameter. This ensures that the statement is properly formatted and protects against SQL injection attacks.

statement = con.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE userID = ?");
statement.setString(1, userID);

By following this approach, the provided code will correctly select the row from the database table based on the specified userID parameter.

Best Practices

• Always use prepared statements with parameterization to prevent SQL injection attacks and improve code security.
• Use the appropriate data type-specific setXXX() method to set parameter values (e.g., setString(), setInt(), etc.).
• Avoid concatenating user input into SQL statements, as this makes the application vulnerable to SQL injection.

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