Home Backend Development Python Tutorial How to think about a program

How to think about a program

Nov 21, 2024 am 04:26 AM

Comment réfléchir à un programme

I'll give you a simple 5-step method for solving problems in Python:

  1. STEP 1: UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM
# Exemple : Je veux créer un jeu de devinette de nombre
"""
Ce que je veux :
- Générer un nombre aléatoire
- Permettre à l'utilisateur de deviner
- Dire si c'est plus grand ou plus petit
- Compter les essais
"""
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  1. STEP 2: IDENTIFY THE NECESSARY ELEMENTS
"""
De quoi j'ai besoin ?
- Un nombre aléatoire → random
- Une saisie utilisateur → input()
- Une boucle pour plusieurs essais → while
- Un compteur → variable simple
"""
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  1. STEP 3: WRITE THE STEPS IN FRENCH
"""
Mon algorithme en français :
1. Générer un nombre aléatoire
2. Tant que l'utilisateur n'a pas trouvé :
   - Demander un nombre
   - Comparer avec le nombre secret
   - Donner un indice
   - Augmenter le compteur
3. Afficher la victoire et le nombre d'essais
"""
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  1. STEP 4: CODE SMALL BY SMALL AND TESTING
# Je commence par le plus simple
import random

# 1. Générer le nombre
nombre_secret = random.randint(1, 100)
essais = 0

# 2. Je teste
print(nombre_secret)  # Pour vérifier

# 3. J'ajoute la saisie
guess = int(input("Devine le nombre : "))
essais += 1

# 4. Je teste encore
print("Tu as proposé:", guess)

# 5. J'ajoute la comparaison
if guess == nombre_secret:
    print("Gagné!")
elif guess < nombre_secret:
    print("Plus grand!")
else:
    print("Plus petit!")
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  1. STEP 5: ASSEMBLE IT ALL
import random

# Initialisation
nombre_secret = random.randint(1, 100)
essais = 0
trouve = False

# Boucle principale
while not trouve:
    # Saisie
    guess = int(input("Devine le nombre (1-100): "))
    essais += 1

    # Vérification
    if guess == nombre_secret:
        trouve = True
    elif guess < nombre_secret:
        print("Plus grand!")
    else:
        print("Plus petit!")

# Résultat
print(f"Gagné en {essais} essais!")
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PRACTICAL ADVICE:

  1. Always start with a simple example
# Au lieu de faire directement un jeu complexe
# Je commence par faire deviner un nombre fixe
nombre_secret = 42
guess = int(input("Devine : "))
if guess == nombre_secret:
    print("Gagné!")
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  1. Test every little part
# Je teste la génération du nombre
nombre = random.randint(1, 100)
print("Nombre généré:", nombre)

# Je teste la saisie
reponse = input("Test de saisie: ")
print("Tu as écrit:", reponse)
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  1. Using prints to debug
while not trouve:
    print("Debug - Début de boucle")
    guess = int(input("Nombre? "))
    print("Debug - Tu as proposé:", guess)
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  1. Make a list of things to test
"""
À tester :
- Que se passe-t-il si j'entre 0 ?
- Que se passe-t-il si j'entre 101 ?
- Que se passe-t-il si j'entre une lettre ?
"""
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  1. Improve gradually
# Version 1 : Jeu basique
# Version 2 : Ajouter la validation des entrées
# Version 3 : Ajouter un nombre maximum d'essais
# Version 4 : Ajouter un système de score
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This approach allows you to:

  • Don't get lost in the complexity
  • Check that each part works
  • Have a code that works quickly
  • Improve gradually

Don't hesitate to use comments to note your ideas and reasoning. It's very useful when you're starting out!

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