Why is my PHP SSL connection to a remote MySQL server failing, and how can I fix it using MySQLi or PDO?

Connect to Remote MySQL Server with SSL from PHP

Unable to Connect via mysql_connect

You are encountering a "SSL connection error" while trying to connect to a remote MySQL server with SSL using mysql_connect. This error arises after adding the necessary parameters to my.cnf and successfully connecting to the server with -h ip -u user -p from the terminal.

Solution: Switch to MySQLi or PDO_MYSQL

The outdated mysql_connect has limited support for SSL. Consider switching to mysqli_connect or PDO_MYSQL.

For mysqli_connect, specify SSL options as follows:

mysqli_options($db, MYSQLI_OPT_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT, true);
$db->ssl_set('/path/to/client-key.pem', '/path/to/client-cert.pem', '/path/to/ca-cert.pem');

For PDO_MYSQL, include SSL options in the connection array:

PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_KEY => '/path/to/client-key.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CERT => '/path/to/client-cert.pem',
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => '/path/to/ca-cert.pem'

Additional Notes

• Ensure you have a recent version of PHP, as SSL support for PDO is limited in older versions.
• Refer to the PHP development manual for further details on MySQLi and PDO_MYSQL with SSL.

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