How can I format data tables in C using the `` header?

Formatting a Data Table with C Headers

Formatting data tables in C can be done using methods provided in the header. These functions make it possible to control the output's width, alignment, and padding characters, allowing you to achieve a professional-looking appearance.

setfill(), setw(), and left/right

To create the desired table format, C offers three essential functions:

• setfill(): Sets the character used to fill the empty space in the width.
• setw(): Defines the width allocated for the output.
• left/right: Specifies the alignment of the text within the width.

Example Code

Here's an example that will format a single row as shown in your desired format:

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    const char separator = ' ';
    const int nameWidth = 6;
    const int numWidth = 8;

    cout << left << setw(nameWidth) << setfill(separator) << "Bob"
         << left << setw(nameWidth) << setfill(separator) << "Doe"
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 10.96
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 7.61
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 14.39
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 2.11
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 47.30
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 14.21
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 44.58
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 5.00
         << left << setw(numWidth) << setfill(separator) << 60.23;
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
}

Using a Template Function

To simplify the code, consider using a template function:

template<typename T>
void printElement(T t, const int& width) {
    cout << left << setw(width) << setfill(separator) << t;
}

This function can be used to print each element with the specified width:

printElement("Bob", nameWidth);
printElement("Doe", nameWidth);
printElement(10.96, numWidth);
printElement(7.61, numWidth);
printElement(14.39, numWidth);
printElement(2.11, numWidth);
printElement(47.30, numWidth);
printElement(14.21, numWidth);
printElement(44.58, numWidth);
printElement(5.00, numWidth);
printElement(60.23, numWidth);
cout << endl;

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