How to Create a Discontinuous X-axis in Matplotlib?

Creating Discontinuous Axis in Matplotlib

In Matplotlib, it is possible to modify the appearance of the x-axis to indicate a discontinuity between two ranges of values.

Customizing the Axis

While there is no direct way to create a discontinuous axis, you can achieve a similar effect by customizing the axis labels and appearance. One approach is to use a custom transform to create a discontinuous axis.

Subplots

If you prefer not to create a custom transform, you can use subplots to achieve the desired effect. By creating two subplots with different x-axis limits and hiding the spines between them, you can simulate a discontinuous axis.

Example

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

x = np.r_[0:1:0.1, 9:10:0.1]
y = np.sin(x)

fig, (ax, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)

ax.plot(x, y, 'bo')
ax2.plot(x, y, 'bo')

ax.set_xlim(0, 1) 
ax2.set_xlim(9, 10) 

ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.yaxis.tick_left()
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()

plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.15)

plt.show()

This code creates a plot with two subplots, each showing a different range of x-values. The overlap between the subplots is hidden to create the appearance of a discontinuous axis.

Break Effect

To add the broken axis lines (//) effect, you can use the following code:

ax.plot((1-d,1+d),(-d,+d), **kwargs) # top-left diagonal
ax.plot((1-d,1+d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-left diagonal

kwargs.update(transform=ax2.transAxes) # switch to the bottom axes
ax2.plot((-d,d),(-d,+d), **kwargs) # top-right diagonal
ax2.plot((-d,d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-right diagonal

where d represents the size of the diagonal lines in axes coordinates. This code adds diagonal lines to the corners of each axis, giving the impression of a broken axis.

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