How to Correctly Handle Timezones in Java MySQL Database Connections?

Changing MySQL Timezone in Java Database Connections

When connecting to a MySQL database from Java, users may encounter timezone discrepancies. This can lead to unexpected datetime values if the database and Java environments are using different timezones. To address this issue, the use of useTimezone and serverTimezone connection parameters is often suggested. However, these parameters may not always resolve the issue.

To effectively change the timezone in a MySQL database connection using Java, consider the following steps:

1. Disable Legacy Datetime Code:
   Set the useLegacyDatetimeCode connection parameter to false to enable the updated timestamp handling mechanism. This allows for more precise datetime formatting.
2. Use Null Calendar:
   When setting timestamps using setTimestamp, ensure that the Calendar parameter is set to null. This instructs the MySQL JDBC connector to format the datetime value in the database's timezone.
3. Retrieve Dates Without Calendar:
   To retrieve datetime values from the database, use getTimestamp without providing a Calendar. This ensures that the correct timezone is used for formatting.
4. Specify Database Timezone (Optional):
   If MySQL complains about an ambiguous server timezone, specify the exact timezone using the serverTimezone connection parameter. For example, for EST in New York, use serverTimezone=America/New_York.

By following these steps, you can effectively change the MySQL timezone in a Java database connection, ensuring accurate datetime handling and preventing timezone-related discrepancies.

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