How to Correctly Upload Files from Java HttpClient to a PHP Server?

Java HttpClient with PHP File Upload

In this article, we explore how to utilize the Java HttpClient library version 4.0 beta2 to upload a file to an Apache server running PHP.

Scenario and Issue

A developer aims to transfer a file from Java to PHP via the Jakarta HttpClient library. However, upon executing the request, the PHP server doesn't detect the uploaded file. The is_uploaded_file() function returns false, and the $_FILES variable remains empty.

Solution

To rectify this, we need to revise the Java code. The problem stems from the incorrect usage of the FileEntity. Here's the corrected code:

import java.io.File;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntity;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.ContentBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreProtocolPNames;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;


public class PostFile {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
    httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);

    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:9001/upload.php");
    File file = new File("c:/TRASH/zaba_1.jpg");

    MultipartEntity mpEntity = new MultipartEntity();
    ContentBody cbFile = new FileBody(file, "image/jpeg");
    mpEntity.addPart("userfile", cbFile);


    httppost.setEntity(mpEntity);
    System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());
    HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
    HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();

    System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
    if (resEntity != null) {
      System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(resEntity));
    }
    if (resEntity != null) {
      resEntity.consumeContent();
    }

    httpclient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
  }
}

The key change is using MultipartEntity instead of FileEntity. This allows us to send the file as a multipart form-data request, which is the expected format for PHP file uploads.

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