JavaScript Date Object Cheatsheet

The Date object in JavaScript is used to work with dates and times. It provides methods to create, manipulate, and format date and time values.

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Creating Dates

You can create a Date object in multiple ways:

1. Current Date and Time:

const now = new Date();
console.log(now); // Current date and time

1. Specific Date:

const specificDate = new Date(2024, 10, 21); // Year, Month (0-based), Day
console.log(specificDate); // Thu Nov 21 2024

1. From a String:

const fromString = new Date("2024-11-21T10:00:00");
console.log(fromString); // Thu Nov 21 2024 10:00:00 GMT

1. From Timestamps (milliseconds since Unix epoch):

const fromTimestamp = new Date(1732231200000);
console.log(fromTimestamp); // Thu Nov 21 2024 10:00:00 GMT

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Common Methods

Getting Date and Time

Method	Description	Example
getFullYear()	Returns the year	date.getFullYear() -> 2024
getMonth()	Returns the month (0-11)	date.getMonth() -> 10 (November)
getDate()	Returns the day of the month (1-31)	date.getDate() -> 21
getDay()	Returns the weekday (0-6, Sun=0)	date.getDay() -> 4 (Thursday)
getHours()	Returns the hour (0-23)	date.getHours() -> 10
getMinutes()	Returns the minutes (0-59)	date.getMinutes() -> 0
getSeconds()	Returns the seconds (0-59)	date.getSeconds() -> 0
getTime()	Returns timestamp in milliseconds	date.getTime() -> 1732231200000

Method

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Description

Example

getFullYear()

Returns the year

date.getFullYear() -> 2024

getMonth()

Returns the month (0-11)

date.getMonth() -> 10 (November)

getDate()

Returns the day of the month (1-31)

date.getDate() -> 21

getDay()

Returns the weekday (0-6, Sun=0)

date.getDay() -> 4 (Thursday)

getHours()

Returns the hour (0-23)

date.getHours() -> 10

getMinutes()

Returns the minutes (0-59)

date.getMinutes() -> 0

getSeconds()

Returns the seconds (0-59)

date.getSeconds() -> 0

getTime()

Returns timestamp in milliseconds

date.getTime() -> 1732231200000

Method	Description	Example
setFullYear(year)	Sets the year	date.setFullYear(2025)
setMonth(month)	Sets the month (0-11)	date.setMonth(0) -> January
setDate(day)	Sets the day of the month	date.setDate(1) -> First day of the month
setHours(hour)	Sets the hour (0-23)	date.setHours(12)
setMinutes(minutes)	Sets the minutes (0-59)	date.setMinutes(30)
setSeconds(seconds)	Sets the seconds (0-59)	date.setSeconds(45)

Setting Date and Time

Method	Description	Example
setFullYear(year)	Sets the year	date.setFullYear(2025)
setMonth(month)	Sets the month (0-11)	date.setMonth(0) -> January
setDate(day)	Sets the day of the month	date.setDate(1) -> First day of the month
setHours(hour)	Sets the hour (0-23)	date.setHours(12)
setMinutes(minutes)	Sets the minutes (0-59)	date.setMinutes(30)
setSeconds(seconds)	Sets the seconds (0-59)	date.setSeconds(45)

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Formatting Dates

Method	Description	Example
toDateString()	Returns date as a human-readable string	date.toDateString() -> "Thu Nov 21 2024"
toISOString()	Returns date in ISO format	date.toISOString() -> "2024-11-21T10:00:00.000Z"
toLocaleDateString()	Returns date in localized format	date.toLocaleDateString() -> "11/21/2024"
toLocaleTimeString()	Returns time in localized format	date.toLocaleTimeString() -> "10:00:00 AM"

Method

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Description

Example

toDateString()

Returns date as a human-readable string

date.toDateString() -> "Thu Nov 21 2024"

toISOString()

Returns date in ISO format

date.toISOString() -> "2024-11-21T10:00:00.000Z"

toLocaleDateString()

Returns date in localized format

date.toLocaleDateString() -> "11/21/2024"

toLocaleTimeString()

Returns time in localized format

date.toLocaleTimeString() -> "10:00:00 AM"

1. Common Use Cases

const now = new Date();
console.log(now); // Current date and time

Calculate Days Between Two Dates
1. :

const specificDate = new Date(2024, 10, 21); // Year, Month (0-based), Day
console.log(specificDate); // Thu Nov 21 2024

Countdown Timer
1. :

const fromString = new Date("2024-11-21T10:00:00");
console.log(fromString); // Thu Nov 21 2024 10:00:00 GMT

Format Current Date
1. :

const fromTimestamp = new Date(1732231200000);
console.log(fromTimestamp); // Thu Nov 21 2024 10:00:00 GMT

Find the Day of the Week
1. :

const startDate = new Date("2024-11-01");
const endDate = new Date("2024-11-21");
const diffInTime = endDate - startDate; // Difference in milliseconds
const diffInDays = diffInTime / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24); // Convert to days
console.log(diffInDays); // 20

Check Leap Year
1. :

const targetDate = new Date("2024-12-31T23:59:59");
setInterval(() => {
    const now = new Date();
    const timeLeft = targetDate - now; // Milliseconds left
    const days = Math.floor(timeLeft / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
    const hours = Math.floor((timeLeft / (1000 * 60 * 60)) % 24);
    const minutes = Math.floor((timeLeft / (1000 * 60)) % 60);
    const seconds = Math.floor((timeLeft / 1000) % 60);
    console.log(`${days}d ${hours}h ${minutes}m ${seconds}s`);
}, 1000);

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Add/Subtract Days

:

1. Pro Tips

const now = new Date();
const formatted = `${now.getFullYear()}-${now.getMonth() + 1}-${now.getDate()}`;
console.log(formatted); // "2024-11-21"

Use

Date.now()
1. to get the current timestamp directly without creating a Date object:

   Be mindful of time zones

   when working with dates across regions. Use libraries like
Moment.js
2. or

   Day.js for advanced handling.

To avoid month off-by-one errors, remember that months are

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0-indexed

(0 = January, 11 = December).

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